导航菜单

Basic Integral Formulas

Power functions

Formula: xndx=xn+1n+1+C\int x^n dx = \dfrac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C (n1n\ne -1)
Special: 1xdx=lnx+C\int \dfrac{1}{x} dx = \ln|x| + C.

Exponential

  • exdx=ex+C\int e^x dx = e^x + C
  • axdx=axlna+C\int a^x dx = \dfrac{a^x}{\ln a} + C (a>0a>0, a1a\ne1)

Examples: e2xdx=12e2x+C\int e^{2x} dx = \tfrac12 e^{2x} + C, 2xdx=2xln2+C\int 2^x dx = \dfrac{2^x}{\ln 2}+C.

Logarithmic

1xdx=lnx+C\int \dfrac{1}{x} dx = \ln|x| + C (absolute value for domain).

Trigonometric

  • sinxdx=cosx+C\int \sin x dx = -\cos x + C
  • cosxdx=sinx+C\int \cos x dx = \sin x + C
  • tanxdx=lncosx+C\int \tan x dx = -\ln|\cos x| + C
  • cotxdx=lnsinx+C\int \cot x dx = \ln|\sin x| + C
  • secxdx=lnsecx+tanx+C\int \sec x dx = \ln|\sec x + \tan x| + C
  • cscxdx=lncscx+cotx+C\int \csc x dx = -\ln|\csc x + \cot x| + C

Inverse trig

  • 11x2dx=arcsinx+C\int \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-x^2}} dx = \arcsin x + C
  • 11+x2dx=arctanx+C\int \dfrac{1}{1+x^2} dx = \arctan x + C
  • 1xx21dx=arccosx+C\int \dfrac{1}{|x|\sqrt{x^2-1}} dx = \arccos x + C (x>1|x|>1)

Hyperbolic

  • sinhxdx=coshx+C\int \sinh x dx = \cosh x + C
  • coshxdx=sinhx+C\int \cosh x dx = \sinh x + C
  • tanhxdx=lncoshx+C\int \tanh x dx = \ln|\cosh x| + C

Memory tips

  • Integrals are inverse derivatives—verify by differentiating.
  • Group by type: power, exponential, log, trig, inverse trig, hyperbolic.

练习题

练习 1

计算 x4dx\int x^4 dx

参考答案

答案x55+C\dfrac{x^5}{5} + C

练习 2

计算 1x3dx\int \dfrac{1}{x^3} dx

参考答案

答案12x2+C-\dfrac{1}{2x^2} + C

练习 3

计算 e5xdx\int e^{5x} dx

参考答案

答案15e5x+C\dfrac{1}{5} e^{5x} + C

练习 4

计算 cosxdx\int \cos x dx

参考答案

答案sinx+C\sin x + C


Summary

本文出现的符号

符号类型读音/说明在本文中的含义
\int数学符号integral不定积分符号
CC符号constant积分常数

中英对照

中文术语英文术语音标说明
幂函数积分power-function integral/ˈpaʊər ˈfʌŋkʃən ˈɪntɪɡrəl/xndx\int x^n dx 形式
指数函数积分exponential integral/ˌɛkspəˈnɛnʃl ˈɪntɪɡrəl/ex,axe^x, a^x 的积分
对数函数积分logarithmic integral/ˌlɒɡəˈrɪmɪk ˈɪntɪɡrəl/1xdx\int \dfrac{1}{x} dx
三角函数积分trigonometric integral/ˌtrɪɡəˈnɒmɪtrɪk ˈɪntɪɡrəl/基本三角积分
反三角函数积分inverse trigonometric integral/ɪnˈvɜːs trɪɡəˈnɒmɪtrɪk ˈɪntɪɡrəl/反三角函数相关积分
双曲函数积分hyperbolic integral/ˌhaɪpəˈbɒlɪk ˈɪntɪɡrəl/sinh,cosh,tanh\sinh,\cosh,\tanh 积分

搜索